Although obesity is perceived as a cosmetic problem in many respects, it is an extremely important health problem that ranks second after smoking-related lung cancer among preventable diseases that cause death worldwide. Obesity, which forms the basis for many important diseases from diabetes to depression, especially cardiovascular diseases, is a chronic and complex disease that completely affects the general health status of the person. Obesity is defined by the World Health Organization as “an energy metabolism disorder that is characterized by an increase in body fat compared to lean mass such as muscle and bone tissue and excessive fat storage, which can lead to physical, mental and social problems in the person”. considered to be associated with many diseases. Behavior-based traditional treatment of obesity, which is caused by unhealthy eating habits and a sedentary lifestyle, can be quite challenging for the patient. Since this situation makes it difficult for the patient to adapt to the treatment process, there are problems in the treatment and the general health condition of the person may worsen in this process. For this reason, bariatric surgical treatment methods such as sleeve gastrectomy are the gold standard treatment for obesity today.
Bariatric surgery is considered to be the most effective treatment option for obesity treatment, providing long-term sustainable weight loss. The first study on the surgical treatment of obesity was conducted by the Swedish Obesity Study Group (SOS) in 2004, and patients who had undergone surgical treatment were followed closely for 10 years after treatment. In line with the successful results obtained from this study, bariatric surgery methods such as sleeve gastrectomy have become common all over the world; Today, with the publication of the 20th year results of the study, surgical applications have been accepted as the most effective method in the treatment of obesity. Obesity disease occurs when the person adopts unhealthy eating habits and a sedentary lifestyle, and it becomes much more difficult to perform exercises that require effort with the disease. For this reason, it becomes difficult for patients to comply with non-surgical treatment, and additional psychological problems may lead to various eating disorders. For this reason, it is possible to say that the most effective method for the definitive treatment of obesity is sleeve gastrectomy and other bariatric surgical treatment methods.
Stomach sleeve surgery, which reduces the volume of the stomach and restricts the amount of food and calorie intake that a person can consume in one go, is one of the most preferred methods of surgical treatment of obesity. In this method, which is called Sleeve Gastrectomy in medicine, approximately 85% of it is removed by cutting along the staple line starting from the lower part of the stomach, called the antrum, and ending at the proximal sense angle, and the gastric capacity is reduced to a maximum of 100 ml. Since the new appearance of the stomach after the operation resembles a tube, this procedure is also called sleeve gastrectomy surgery.
Sleeve gastrectomy is performed by laparoscopic method, by entering through a small incision in the abdominal wall. The fact that it does not require open surgery is extremely advantageous for the patient as it both shortens the recovery time and reduces the risk of infection due to surgery. This application, which provides serious weight loss even in cases of advanced obesity, also preserves the integrity of the sphincter muscles around the gastric valve. In this way, sleeve gastrectomy surgery, which succeeds in preserving the separation between the stomach and the esophagus, is considered a much more advantageous method than other bariatric surgery methods.
Stomach sleeve surgery, which restricts food and calorie intake by only reducing stomach capacity, does not affect nutrient absorption in the intestines, as in some other surgical methods. Treatment methods in which nutrient absorption is affected make the person prone to many diseases, especially iron deficiency anemia. For this reason, sleeve gastrectomy surgery is a more reliable option than other methods, as it not only treats obesity, but also protects the general health integrity of the person. In addition, ghrelin, also known as the hunger hormone, is secreted from a part of the stomach called the gastric fundus, and a large part of the gastric fundus is removed by sleeve gastrectomy surgery. As a result, the amount of hunger hormone secreted from the stomach decreases and the person's appetite decreases considerably after the operation compared to the past. Thanks to all these effects, extremely fast and permanent weight loss is achieved with sleeve gastrectomy surgery. The physical and mental relaxation brought about by weight loss noticeably increases the quality of daily life. Most of the excess weight can be lost within 1 year. This may correspond to a weight of almost 40-50 kilograms for a morbidly obese patient. After the surgery, three-quarters of obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes and sleep apnea, more than half of high blood fat and high blood pressure problems, half of knee pain, most of leg varicose are resolved. These improvements occur spontaneously with the onset of weight loss, without the need for any other treatment. A rapid improvement in the general health level of the person occurs.
Stomach sleeve surgery is generally a mild to moderately risky operation among all surgeries. The vast majority of patients do not experience any additional problems. The complication rate is around 2%. Since the surgery is performed with a closed technique, it is possible to stand up on the same day. 3-4 days of hospitalization is sufficient. You can return to normal daily life within a few weeks. Follow-up results are close to perfect. Patients begin to lose weight within days after surgery. Within a few months, the weakening becomes evident. Long-term medical follow-up results of thousands of patients show that patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy lost 70-80% of their excess weight.
The sleeve gastrectomy operation, which is performed under general anesthesia and laparoscopically (closed surgical intervention), is one of the most reliable methods compared to many other surgical procedures. However, sleeve gastrectomy surgery is an extremely advantageous method, especially as it has less risk of complications compared to applications such as clamps, and provides permanent weight loss for a much longer period of time. In fact, with the discovery of sleeve gastrectomy, clamps and similar applications have almost completely disappeared, and sleeve gastrectomy operation has become the most preferred bariatric surgery method thanks to all its advantages. After a few days of hospitalization, patients continue their normal lives with a new diet.
With tube stomach surgery, 80-85% of the stomach is removed and the stomach volume is reduced to approximately 100 ml. After the surgery, the stomach capacity increases slightly, but if it is not fed in accordance with the physician's recommendations, the stomach may grow more than necessary. As a result, the patient regains the weight they lost quickly after the surgery. In order to see the most accurate benefit from sleeve gastrectomy surgery, it is extremely important to strictly follow the nutritional recommendations planned by the physician during the postoperative period
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